"Saptak" is just a part of notes in which they are divided into. There are 3 types of saptak.
1) Mandra saptak
2) Taar saptak
3) Madhya saptak
These 3types of saptak are only saptak in music. Basically, it is known to be a high octave lower octave and mid octave. Saptak known as an octave in music. It makes a very sensual difference between high -mid-low octave because different frequency for different notes, and according to that feeling starts to build up.
- The 1-2-3 octave is meant to be lower octave and 4 known as middle octave nd some times 5 also. But from 5-6 octave known as a higher octave.
- Octave starts from Note "C" to next "C" it should be taken as 1 octave.
Different singers have different capabilities to sing in octaves, some times there would singers like Jagjit Singh usually choose to perform in the lower scale, and in modern days its trend to sing higher octave. We see in different genres different use of pitch differs but sometimes it depends on singer or artist too.
- Mandra saptak - we can say that mandra saptak means lower octave in music. mandra saptak is lower than "madhya saptak" or middle octave. when we go down the sound-producing is heavier than normal, sound is heavily sounding and giving little intense feel because of its nature. The music and musicality are all about how melodious you can sound some group of notes. the mandra saptak in lower and intense but it is hard in singing for some of them because it needs good practice to perform them. The legendary artist likes Jagjit Singh known for their style of singing, musicians know very well that he used to create and sing their song more on range of mandra saptak to madhya saptak. Jagjit Singh was a melodious singer when he performs some magic happens because they exactly know what he is doing in that era, singers use to sing in higher octaves which were alike trend but Jagjit Singh comes with lower octave.
- Madhya saptak - Middle octave is known as madhya saptak. The 4th octave known to be the middle octave. MIddle octave start from note c of 4th octave. The madhya saptak is as a common octave where we practice because it is very comfortable are where we easily reach on every note, once you understand and produce sound in middle octave or madhya saptak then it is easy to learn other octaves by practice. Madhya is basic to learn but help in learning, it is the octave from where a common human being produces sound when they speak.
- Taar saptak - high octave or taar saptak is next octave from madhya saptak. As name taar saptak is a higher range note octave. The note sounds a little thin. singers in India, when they sing high notes it was better in some singer vocal texture, but when you see blues, jazz or western style singer of different countries their vocal texture get thin in high notes and octave, but there range in higher octaves are great. legendary classical singer "Begam Parween Sultana" she is an extraordinary singer, she was known for her singing in the higher octave, she uses to sing in higher octaves only. She has great capability to perform in a higher octave only because it is really hard to perform in a higher octave only.
- Saptak consists of many scales which create different atmosphere and feeling, musician and singer or composer use these different octaves in music, composition and through instrument according to need of a song.
This concept in music is very useful in the making of any composition/track or in singing also. when you know the saptak you can prepare when you sing any songs because the mind gets alert that this is a high scale note and the next 5th note is a lower scale. In the end, the saptak is just a positioning of the same scale of notes which has different frequencies. So, these are the only saptaks in music or in Hindustani classical music.
